Yesterday Jones at al. 2017 published genome-wide, including mtDNA, data of 8 ancient individuals from Latvia and Ukraine. Three are Mesolithic Latvians, one is a Mesolithic Ukrainian, one is a Early Neolithic Ukrainian, two are Middle Neolithic Latvians, one is a Late Neolithic Corded Ware Latvian.
Here's a link to Jones at al. 2017's Figure 1 which displays the mtDNA results of these 8 Stone age Eastern Europeans. I added the new ancient mtDNA to my European Hunter Gatherer and Bronze age Northern European spreadsheets.
These Stone age Eastern Europeans can potentially give detailed insight into the origins of modern Europeans. Because of other ancient DNA we know all modern Europeans are mostly a mixture of the "Steppe", "EEF", and "WHG" populations but we don't know which "Steppe", etc. populations contributed to which modern Europeans.
Maybe people similar to these Stone age Eastern Europeans specifically gave modern Eastern Europeans a lot of their "WHG" ancestry. Maybe other Europeans got a lot of their "WHG" from WHGs who lived in other parts of Europe.
Mesolithic Baltic(Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania) HGs can be labeled as WHG or at least very similar. Their mtDNA makeup though is different from Western European WHGs.
| Western Europe HGs | Baltic HGs | |
| U5b | 78 | 12.5 |
| U5a | 17 | 50 |
| U4 | 3 | 25 |
| U2 | 3 | 12.5 |
Now let's look at who in Europe today has the most and least U5b, U5a, and U4.
Most U5b...
| U5b | |
| Sweden | 7.4 |
| Andalusia Spain | 6.5 |
| Galicia Spain | 6 |
| BeloRussia | 6 |
| North Poland | 5.4 |
Least U5b...
| North Italy | 2 |
| Denmark | 2 |
| South Italy | 2.2 |
| Ukraine | 2.5 |
| Russia | 3 |
Most U5a...
| Mari(Russia) | 12.5 |
| East Baltic | 11.3 |
| Ukraine | 10 |
| Russia | 7.5 |
| Sweden | 7.1 |
Least U5a...
| Andalusia Spain | 2.5 |
| South Italy | 2.6 |
| Ireland | 3.3 |
| Greece | 3.3 |
| Galicia Spain | 3.5 |
Most U4...
| NW Russia | 6 |
| Bosnia | 5.7 |
| East Germany | 5.6 |
| East Baltic | 5.2 |
| Poland | 5 |
Least U4...
| North Italy | 0 |
| SW France | 1.2 |
| Andalusia Spain | 1.7 |
| Ireland | 1.3 |
| South Italy | 1.8 |
U5b, U5a, and U4 frequencies in modern Europe have geographic trends. U5a and especially U4 peak in Eastern Europe. Is this because Eastern European hunter gatherers had a lot of U4 and U5a? Does U5b peak in Iberia because Western European hunter gatherers had a lot of U5b? That's all just hypothesis, we'll have to wait for more data to confirm it.
I've recently gathered a lot of new European data and will make a post about haplogroup frequencies in Europe soon so stay tuned.
Well, I would say a MODERN population in Indiana reflects a Steppe population right now! My coworkers are mtDNA I4a and U5a. And I'm H6a1a261. So, I would say the Bronze Age migrations were clearly reflected in European populations 1600-1900's. AND Bronze Age European populations are still together( my workplace) in the USA. Thank you for updating your spreadsheets! jv
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